In order to successfully keep cichlids in your aquarium it is important to as closely as possible replicate the conditions in which they live in their natural environment. The important factors to consider are the acidity or alkalinity of the water (or pH), the temperature, the water hardness and the layout of the tank.
In general, African Cichlids tend to prefer slightly alkaline water, whereas Cichlids from South America prefer slightly acidic water. Where you require your water to be alkaline, you can use gravel, rocks and crushed coral to help maintain the correct alkalinity.
The ideal temperature range of the water for Cichlids is between 74F (23C) to 82F (28C) the optimum being 78F (26C). You should ensure that you position your aquarium away from radiators, heaters and direct sunlight in order to avoid overheating.
In terms of layout of your tank, again it is a matter of considering where the fish originate from. Therefore for South American Cichlids for example, you will need a well planted aquarium. In contrast, Cichlids from Lake Malawi do not need plants and prefer either plenty of rocks with little caves to shelter in, or more sandy conditions with plenty of open water to swim about in.
If you can successfully replicate the natural conditions for cichlids then you are more likely to have healthy fish. You can find out how to achieve the ideal conditions for your cichlids at cichlid-care.info.
